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Glossary of terms and definitions for IT (Information Technology), the Internet and cyber security.
This glossary provides more than 480 clear and concise definitions of commonly used terms in the fields of information technology, the internet, and cyber security. It is designed to support users of all levels in understanding key concepts, technical jargon, and acronyms frequently encountered across digital platforms and security-related discussions. Whether you are a business owner, student, professional, or simply interested in the digital landscape, this resource aims to enhance your knowledge and confidence in navigating the ever-evolving world of technology.
Firmware stored on a motherboard chip that initialises hardware during the startup process before handing control to the operating system.
Example: She updated the BIOS to improve hardware compatibility.
See also: POST (Power-On Self-Test)
Measures to protect the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) from unauthorised changes or tampering.
Example: Enabling a BIOS password prevents unauthorised users from making changes to system settings.
Boot refers to the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory from the hardware's initial power-on state.
Example: After turning on the computer, the BIOS performs a POST and then boots into the installed operating system from the SSD.
See also: POST (Power-On Self-Test)
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology used to store BIOS settings and system configuration data in a computer, typically powered by a small battery on the motherboard.
Example: After replacing the CMOS battery, the technician reconfigured the system time and boot order in the BIOS.
See also: BIOS
This is a diagnostic testing sequence run by a computer's BIOS when the machine is powered on to check hardware components such as RAM, CPU, and storage devices.
Example: When a user turns on their PC and hears a single beep, it indicates the POST has completed successfully.
A modern firmware that initializes hardware during the boot process and provides an interface between the operating system and platform firmware, replacing the legacy BIOS.
Example: A new laptop uses UEFI to support faster boot times and larger hard drives compared to older BIOS systems.